India's immunization journey began in the early 19th century with smallpox vaccinations and has since evolved into one of the world's largest public health initiatives. Notable milestones include eliminating polio, maternal and neonatal tetanus, and smallpox. During the COVID-19 pandemic, India administered over 200 crore vaccine doses, including indigenously developed vaccines. The government recently launched a nationwide HPV vaccination campaign for adolescent girls and an indigenous Td vaccine. Despite progress, challenges persist with uneven coverage across states and the need to vaccinate older adults. India's vaccination story dates back to 1802 when the first smallpox vaccination was administered in Mumbai. Over time, India developed its own vaccines and launched programs like UIP in 1985, providing free vaccines against 12 preventable diseases. The Pulse Polio Programme, launched in 1995, played a crucial role in eliminating polio from the country. However, maintaining high immunization coverage remains an ongoing challenge as full immunization coverage has fluctuated over the years. India has made progress in reducing the number of zero-dose children and understands the importance of timely vaccinations for a stronger immune system response.